Facts About Lead Levels and Fairfax Water's System

What is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard for lead in drinking water?

When lead testing is performed as required by EPA, 90 percent of the samples must contain less than 15 parts per billion (ppb) of lead. EPA has established an action level for lead in water of 15 ppb, meaning that a water system with more than 15 ppb of lead in 10 percent of its samples may require changes to the water treatment process, replacement of lead service lines and public outreach. Fairfax Water has been testing for lead in accordance with the Lead and Copper Rule since 1992 and has consistently tested below the action level established by the rule. In 2008, 90 percent of our samples were less than 0.77 ppb, well below the action level of 15 ppb.

Does Fairfax Water have elevated levels of lead in its drinking water?

No. Testing in accordance with the EPA has demonstrated that there are no elevated levels of lead in the drinking water provided by Fairfax Water. Since testing began over 10 years ago, Fairfax Water’s levels have tested well within the EPA’s compliance standards. In 2008, the most recent Lead and Copper Rule sampling period for Fairfax Water, 95 percent of the samples contained less than 1 ppb compared to the EPA action level of 15 ppb. In fact, during the latest 2008 sampling period, 100 percent of the samples were less than 2 ppb, considerably lower than the action level of 15 ppb.

What is the relationship between the EPA action level for drinking water and lead levels in the blood?

The EPA action level of 15 ppb of lead in drinking water was established based on reasonable risk assessments. It is the level that requires additional corrective and educational actions, but does not necessarily directly correlate to increased blood-lead levels. Blood-lead levels are reflective of a variety of factors, such as age; lead exposure to dusts, paint chips or soil; and the amount of water consumed daily. For women, pregnancy can also affect blood-lead levels. Nationally, the biggest source of increased blood-lead levels in children is the ingestion of lead-based paints.

What are the health effects of too much lead?

If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. For infants and children, exposure to high levels of lead in drinking water can result in delays in physical or mental development. Infants who consume mostly mixed formula can receive a greater percentage because of the large volume of water they consume relative to their body size. For adults, exposure to high levels of lead can result in kidney problems or high blood pressure. Although the main sources of exposure to lead are ingesting paint chips and inhaling dust, the EPA estimates that 10 to 20 percent of human exposure to lead may come from drinking water.

How does lead get into my water?

Although some utilities use raw source waters that contain lead, Fairfax Water’s sources, the Potomac River and the Occoquan Reservoir, do not contain lead. Lead in drinking water can also come from pipes and valves within the distribution system. Fairfax Water’s distribution system does not contain lead pipe as we have made an extensive effort to identify and replace any lead service connections in the older areas of our system.

Another source of lead in drinking water is household plumbing. In 1986, lead was banned from being used in pipe and solder for drinking water systems. In older homes, where lead is present in pipe and solder connections, it may dissolve into the water after the water sits for long periods of time. Some household plumbing components may contain a small amount of lead and can contribute to lead concentrations at the tap.

What is Fairfax Water doing to minimize lead exposure from my plumbing system?

Fairfax Water adds a corrosion inhibitor to help prevent lead from leaching into your drinking water. We have been using a phosphate-based corrosion inhibitor since 1998. Adjustments are made to the finished water pH during the treatment process to minimize corrosion from household plumbing.

What can I do in my home to reduce exposure to lead in drinking water?

• Water that has been sitting in your home’s pipes may contain more lead. Any time the water has not been used for six hours or longer, flush your cold-water pipes by running the water until it becomes a constant temperature. (Saving the water for other purposes, such as plant watering, is a good conservation measure.)

• Use only water from the cold-water tap for drinking, cooking and especially for making baby formula. Hot water may contain higher levels of lead.

• Some people choose to install a water filter in their home. If you choose to do so, follow these three important suggestions:
  
  1. Choose one designed for the specific filtration desired, such as lead.
  
  2. Make sure the filter is approved by the National Sanitation Foundation ( www.nsf.org ).
  
  3. Maintain the filter as directed by the manufacturer.

How do I have the water in my home tested?

For information about having a lead level test conducted, call our Customer Service Department at 703-698-5800, TTY 711. Fairfax Water offers lead level testing to Fairfax Water customers for $35 per faucet. Independent certified laboratories are also available if preferred and can be found at www.dgs.state.va.us/DivisionofConsolidated LaboratoryServices/tabid/453/Default.aspx or by calling 804-225-4949, TTY 711
.

Where can I find more information about lead in drinking water?

Information about lead is available on the following Web sites (as of October 2008):

www.fairfaxcounty.gov/hd/eh/lead

www.vdh.state.va.us/drinkingwater/consumer/lead.htm

www.epa.gov/safewater/lead/index.html

www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/faq/leadinwater.htm

Additional information is available from the EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791; TTY 711.